Brain imaging studies of experienced meditating practitioners have shown three general types of pattern:
- Activation of the prefrontal lobes,
- Activation of the occipital and posterior parietal lobes,
- A combination of both patterns. In studies showing both, there was some activation of the temporolimbic system, suggesting some involvement of the spiritual brain.
The spiritual experiences associated with the temporal lobes are spontaneous, internally generated and effortless while the spiritual experiences in meditation, prayer, religious experiences and reliving mystical experiences are due to a conscious effort to experience spirituality. The areas of the brain that are activated reflect that effort. They are largely independent of the spiritual brain.[p410]